
You bring back a load of hardwood, your next recipe asks for resin, and nothing in town turns those logs into it. That wall trips up almost everyone, because Bellwright never tells you the one thing that matters: resin is a processed resource, not a drop from chopping trees. You make it by burning hardwood at the Coal Burner. The catch is that the Coal Burner research costs 3 resin to unlock, so you have to buy your first batch before you can ever produce your own.
Resin is a mid-game gate, not a glamour resource. You will never stockpile it the way you do wood or food, but a single missing stack stalls your whole settlement. Its biggest use is cured ropes — resin is a required input, and cured ropes in turn feed your Tier 3 building upgrades. That is why a recipe chain three steps removed from resin suddenly freezes the moment you run out: trace the inputs back and resin is sitting at the bottom.
Here is the trap that wastes the most time. You cannot make resin until you build the Coal Burner, and you cannot research the Coal Burner until you spend 3 resin. The game asks you to pay resin before it lets you produce resin.
The way through is the trade shop in a liberated village. Liberate a town, open its trade inventory, and buy the resin you need to clear the research cost. You only need a small starter batch — enough to unlock the burner — after which you produce the rest yourself.

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Once you have your starter resin, self-production is the permanent fix. The Coal Burner is a Tier 3 structure, which means it sits behind real settlement progression rather than an early unlock. You need a Town Hall — the Tier 3 hub that houses the Research Workshop — before the research even appears.
Build toward the Town Hall, open the Research Workshop, and research the Coal Burner using your purchased resin. Once it is built, the burner converts hardwood into resin (and charcoal — the same building makes both). From that point on, resin stops being a mystery drop and becomes a simple hardwood-to-burner pipeline you control.

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If you have seen both names while searching, here is the clean answer: they are the same building. The in-game label is Coal Burner; “Charcoal Burner” is the nickname guides use because it produces charcoal as well as resin. You are not missing a second structure, and there is no separate research to find. When your tech tree shows either name, that is the one that turns hardwood into resin.
Resin is a manufactured mid-game material with one annoying bootstrap step. Buy your first 3 resin from a liberated village’s trade shop, push your settlement to a Town Hall, and research the Coal Burner in the Research Workshop. After that, hardwood goes in and resin comes out on demand — feeding cured ropes and the Tier 3 upgrades that depend on them. The moment you stop expecting resin to fall out of trees, the whole chain makes sense.